| iOS 多线程的四种技术方案  
		image pthread 实现多线程操作 代码实现: 
void * run(void *param)
{
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"---buttonclick---%zd---%@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    return NULL;
}
@implementation ViewController
- (IBAction)clickButton:(id)sender {
    // 定义一个线程
    pthread_t thread;
    // 创建一个线程  (参1)pthread_t *restrict:创建线程的指针,(参2)const pthread_attr_t *restrict:线程属性  (参3)void *(*)(void *):线程执行的函数的指针,(参4)void *restrict:null
    pthread_create(&thread, NULL, run, NULL);
    // 何时回收线程不需要你考虑
    pthread_t thread2;
    pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, run, NULL);
}NSThread实现多线程一个 NSThread 对象就代表一条线程 创建线程的多种方式
 
#pragma mark - 执行run方法
- (void)run:(NSString *)param
{
    // 当前线程是否是主线程
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        NSLog(@"---%@---%zd---%d", [NSThread currentThread], i,  [NSThread isMainThread]);
    }
}
	方法2和方法3的优点:快捷 
-(UIImageView *)imageView
{
    if (!_imageView) {
        _imageView = [UIImageView new];
        _imageView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 300, 300);
        _imageView.center = self.view.center;
        [self.view addSubview:_imageView];
    }
    return _imageView;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //监听线程结束的通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(handle_threadexit:) name:NSThreadWillExitNotification object:nil];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    //第一种方式:先创建再启动线程
    // 创建线程
    NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run:) object:@"booob"];
    // 线程启动了,事情做完了才会死, 一个NSThread对象就代表一条线程
    [thread start];
    //第二种:直接创建并启动线程
    // 直接创建并启动线程
    [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run:) toTarget:self withObject:@"wang"];
    //第三种:
    // 直接创建并启动线程
    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(run:) withObject:@"wang000"];
    // 使线程进入阻塞状态
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2.0];
    //例子
    // 获取图片的url
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://pages.github.com/images/slideshow/yeoman.png"];
    // 另开1条线程 object用于数据的传递
    NSThread *thread3 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(downLoadWithURL:) object:url];
    thread3.name = @"downloadimage...";
    // 由于下面下载图片的耗时太长,应开启线程来完成
    [thread3 start];
}
#pragma mark - 执行run方法
- (void)run:(NSString *)param
{
    // 当前线程是否是主线程
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        NSLog(@"---%@---%zd---%d", [NSThread currentThread], i,  [NSThread isMainThread]);
    }
}
//线程直接的交互
// 下载图片
- (void)downLoadWithURL:(NSURL *)url
{
    NSLog(@"%s ,%s %@",__FILE__,__FUNCTION__, [NSThread currentThread]);
    // 下载图片
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
    // 生成图片
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    // 返回主线程显示图片
    [self.imageView performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(setImage:) withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];
}
//处理线程结束事件
-(void)handle_threadexit:(NSNotification *)notify
{
    NSThread  * thread = (NSThread *)notify.object;
    NSLog(@"+++++++++++++++ 线程 %@ 结束 ++++++++++++",thread.name);
}
	TIPS: 拓展,线程结束的通知 —————————————————————————————————————————— GCD 是如何实现多线程的
  
		images 
	GCD会自动将队列中的任务取出,放到对应的线程,任务的取出遵循FIFO,即先入先出队列,First Input First Output 的缩写。 
 创建并发/串行队列代码: 
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
      dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    // 创建串行队列  serial 串行  concurrent并发
    queueSerial = dispatch_queue_create("searial.whenbar.com", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    //创建并行队列
    // 参1:const char *label 队列名称
    // 参2:dispatch_queue_attr_t attr 队列类型
    queueConcurrent = dispatch_queue_create("concurrent.whenbar.com", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
}
//1 获得主队列
-(void)runqueueMain
{
    // 获取主队列  在主队列中的任务都会在主线程中执行。
    dispatch_queue_t queueMain = dispatch_get_main_queue();
}
//2. 创建串行队列
-(void)runqueueSerial
{
    // GCD同步函数串行队列(立即执行,当前线程)
    // 参1: dispatch_queue_t queue 队列
    // 参2: 任务
    dispatch_sync(queueSerial, ^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    // 异步函数串行队列 (另开线程,多个任务按顺序执行)
    dispatch_async(queueSerial, ^{
        dispatch_async(queueSerial, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
        dispatch_async(queueSerial, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
        dispatch_async(queueSerial, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
    });
}
//3. 创建并发队列
-(void)runqueueConcurrent
{
    // 同步函数并行队列(立即执行,当前线程)
    dispatch_sync(queueConcurrent, ^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    // 异步函数并行队列 (另开线程,多个任务一起执行)
    dispatch_async(queueConcurrent, ^{
        dispatch_async(queueConcurrent, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
        dispatch_async(queueConcurrent, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
        dispatch_async(queueConcurrent, ^{
            for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
                NSLog(@"~~~%ld %@",i, [NSThread currentThread]);
            }
        });
    });
}
//4. 创建全局队列
-(void)runqueueGlobal
{
    // 获取全局队列 全局队列是并发队列
    // 参1:队列的优先级
    // 参2:0(以后可能用到的参数)//#define DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH 2 // 高\
    #define DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT 0 // 默认(中)\
    #define DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW (-2) // 低\
    #define DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND INT16_MIN // 后台
    dispatch_queue_t queueGlobal = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
}
// 主队列:(任何一个任务只要在主队列中,都会加入到主线程的队列中执行)
	TIPS: 注意 GCD实现线程通信小项目:下载图片 代码如下: 
// 获取图片的url
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://7xjanq.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/6478.jpg"];
// 开启线程下载图片
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("111", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    // 下载完成后返回主线程显示图片
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        self.imageView.image = image;
    });
});———————————————————————————————————————— GCD其他常用函数  
		image 
//----------------- 队列组 -----------------------------
//队列组可以将很多队列添加到一个组里,这样做的好处是,当这个组里所有的任务都执行完了,队列组会通过一个方法通知我们。下面是使用方法,这是一个很实用的功能。
-(void)rungroup
{
    //1.创建队列组
    dispatch_group_t group=dispatch_group_create();
    //2.创建队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,0);
    //3.多次使用队列组的方法执行任务, 只有异步方法
    //3.1.执行3次循环
    dispatch_group_async(group,queue,^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 3; i++){
            NSLog(@"group-01 - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    //3.2.主队列执行8次循环
    dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        for (NSInteger i=0;i<8;i++) {
            NSLog(@"group-02 - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    //3.3.执行5次循环
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        for(NSInteger i=0;i<5;i++) {
            NSLog(@"group-03 - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    //4.都完成后会自动通知
    dispatch_group_notify(group,dispatch_get_main_queue(),^{
        NSLog(@"完成 - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
}dispatch_barrier 栅栏 
// 1.barrier : 在barrier前面的先执行,然后再执行barrier,然后再执行barrier后面的 barrier的queue不能是全局的并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("11", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    for (int i = 0;  i < 100; i++) {
        NSLog(@"%@--1", [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    for (int i = 0;  i < 100; i++) {
        NSLog(@"%@--2", [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
});
dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
    for (int i = 0;  i < 100; i++) {
        NSLog(@"%@--3", [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    for (int i = 0;  i < 100; i++) {
        NSLog(@"%@--4", [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
});
//    dispatch_after 延迟执行
    // 延迟执行
    // 方法1
    [self performSelector:@selector(run:) withObject:@"参数" afterDelay:2.0];
    // 方法2
    dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            NSLog(@"%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    // 方法3
    [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:2.0 target:self selector:@selector(run:) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
dispatch_once 整个程序运行中执行一次
// 整个程序中只执行一次
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
    // 一次性代码
});思考题:以下函数输出的结果是什么?  
		image 以下的代码输出是什么呢  
		image 作用:实现某个类的单例对象 单例模式:在整个应用程序中,共享一份资源(这份资源只需要创建初始化1次) 
//--------------单例模式--------------------
#if __has_feature(objc_instancetype)
#undef    AS_SINGLETON
#define AS_SINGLETON( ... ) \
- (instancetype)sharedInstance; \
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance;
#undef    DEF_SINGLETON
#define DEF_SINGLETON \
- (instancetype)sharedInstance \
{ \
return [[self class] sharedInstance]; \
} \
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance \
{ \
static dispatch_once_t once; \
static id __singleton__; \
dispatch_once( &once, ^{ __singleton__ = [[self alloc] init]; } ); \
return __singleton__; \
}
#undef    DEF_SINGLETON
#define DEF_SINGLETON( ... ) \
- (instancetype)sharedInstance \
{ \
return [[self class] sharedInstance]; \
} \
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance \
{ \
static dispatch_once_t once; \
static id __singleton__; \
dispatch_once( &once, ^{ __singleton__ = [[self alloc] init]; } ); \
return __singleton__; \
}
#else    // #if __has_feature(objc_instancetype)
#undef    AS_SINGLETON
#define AS_SINGLETON( __class ) \
- (__class *)sharedInstance; \
+ (__class *)sharedInstance;
#undef    DEF_SINGLETON
#define DEF_SINGLETON( __class ) \
- (__class *)sharedInstance \
{ \
return [__class sharedInstance]; \
} \
+ (__class *)sharedInstance \
{ \
static dispatch_once_t once; \
static __class * __singleton__; \
dispatch_once( &once, ^{ __singleton__ = [[[self class] alloc] init]; } ); \
return __singleton__; \
}
#endif    // #if __has_feature(objc_instancetype)
#import "gcdfunViewController.h"
#pragma mark - 单例模式(责任编辑:最模板) | 



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